高铁的核心技术有哪些

2015-08-21 15:53:12 来源：京铁办

　　高铁定义

　　GAOTIE（YUANMINGGAOSUTIELU），SHIZHITONGGUOGAIZAOYUANYOUXIANLU（ZHIXIANHUA、GUIJUBIAOZHUNHUA），SHIZUIGAOYINGYUNSULVDADAOBUXIAOYUMEIXIAOSHI200GONGLI，HUOZHEZHUANMENXIUJIANXINDE“GAOSUXINXIAN”，SHIYINGYUNSULVDADAOMEIXIAOSHIZHISHAO250GONGLIDETIELUXITONG。GAOSUTIELUCHULEZAILIECHEZAIYINGYUNDADAOYIDINGSUDUBIAOZHUNWAI，CHELIANG、LUGUI、CAOZUODOUXUYAOPEIHETISHENG。

　　ZHONGGUO2014NIAN1YUE1RIQISHISHIDE《TIELUANQUANGUANLITIAOLI》GUIDING，GAOSUTIELU（GAOTIE）SHIZHISHEJIKAIXINGSHISU250GONGLIYISHANG（HANYULIU），BINGQIECHUQIYUNYINGSHISU200GONGLIYISHANGDEKEYUNLIECHEZHUANXIANTIELU。

　　世界上首条高铁

　　SHIJIESHANGSHOUTIAOCHUXIANDEGAOSUTIELUSHIRIBENDEXINGANXIAN，YU1964NIANZHENGSHIYINGYUN。RIXIXINGANXIANLIECHEYOUCHUANQIZHONGGONGJIANZAO，XINGSHIZAIDONGJING－MINGGUWU－JINGDOU－DABANDEDONGHAIDAOXINGANXIAN，YINGYUNSUDUMEIXIAOSHI271GONGLI，YINGYUNZUIGAOSHISU300GONGLI。

　　CIHOUGAOTIEJISHUDEDAOGEGEGUOJIADEZHONGSHI，GAOTIEZAISHIJIEGEGECHENGSHIBIANDIKAIHUA，YUANQIFAGUODETGVJISHU、YUANQIDEGUODEICEJISHU、YUANQIXIBANYADETalgoJISHUYIJIDEYIYUHANGKONGHANGTIANJISHUFAZHANERDANSHENGDECIXUANFUJISHUDOUWEIGAOTIESUDUDETISHENGTANSUOLESILUHEFANGSHI。ERZHONGGUOYANJIUDECRHJISHUSHIGAOTIEKEJILINGYUDEYOUYIZHONGDATUPO。BENWENJIUSHIXIANGGEWEIJIESHAOCRHJISHU，ERCRHJISHUZHENGSHIGAOTIEYUPUTONGTIELUQUFENDEGUANJIANJISHUYINSUZHIYI。

　　高铁动车的基本组成

　　1.CHETI

　　CHETIDEZUOYONGSHIANZHUANGJICHUHECHENGZAIGUJIA。XIANDAIDONGCHEZUCHETIJUNCAIYONGZHENGTICHENGZAIDEGANGJIEGOUHUOZHEQINGJINSHUJIEGOU，YISHIXIANZAIZUIQINGDEZIZHONGXIAMANZUQIANGDUHEGANGDUYAOQIU。

　　2.ZHUANXIANGJIA

　　ZHUANXIANGJIAYOUDONGLIZHUANXIANGJIAHEFEIDONGLIZHUANXIANGJIAZHIFEN。QIZUOYONGSHICHENGZAI、ZHUANXIANG、JIANZHEN、ZHIDONG，DONGLIZHUANXIANGJIAHAIJUYOUQUDONGDEGONGNENG。ZHUANXIANGJIAYOUGOUJIA、XUANGUAZHUANGZHI、LUNDUIZHOUXIANGZHUANGZHIHEJICHUZHIDONGZHUANGZHIDENGZUCHENG。ERDONGLIZHUANXIANGJIAHAIYOUQUDONGZHUANGZHI。

　　3.QIANYINCHUANDONGKONGZHIXITONG

　　ZUOYONGSHICHUANDINENGLIANGHEYUNXINGKONGZHI。QIANYINCHUANDONGXITONGZHUYAOSHIZHILIECHEDEDIANQISHEBEI，FENWEICHUANDONGDIANLUXITONG、FUZHUDIANLUXITONGHEDIANZIYUKONGZHIDIANLUXITONG。ZHUCHUANDONGDIANLUXITONGZHUYAOBAOKUOZHUBIANYAQI、ZHUBIANLIUQI、QIANYINDIANJI。FUZHUDIANLUXITONGZHUYAOBAOKUOTONGFENGLENGQUEZHUANGZHI、CHENEIGONGDIANZHUANGZHI。

　　4.ZHIDONGZHUANGZHI

　　GAIZHUANGZHIBAOKUOJIXIEBUFEN、KONGQIGUANLUBUFENHEDIANQIKONGZHIBUFEN。ZHIDONGFANGSHIYOUKONGQIZHIDONGHEDIANQIZHIDONG，BUTONGDEZHIDONGFANGSHIYOUBUTONGDEZHIDONGZHUANGZHI。

　　5.CHEDUANLIANJIEZHUANGZHI

　　GAIZHUANGZHIBAOKUOGEZHONGCHEGOUHUANCHONGZHUANGZHI、JIAOJIEZHUANGZHIHEFENGDANGDENG。ZUOYONGSHILIANJIECHELIANGCHENGLIEJIHUANHEZONGXIANGCHONGJI。

　　6.SHOULIUZHUANGZHI

　　DONGCHEZUJUNCAIYONGSHOUDIANGONGSHOULIUQI。

　　7.CHELIANGNEIBUSHEBEIHEJIASHISHISHEBEI

　　ZHEILIMIANJIUSHIXIELEISIYU“JIAJU”YIYANGDEDONGXILE，RUKONGDIAO、DENG、ZUOYIDENG。

　　CRH核心技术点

　　DONGCHEBENZHISHANGSHIRENLEIKEXUEJISHUSHUIPINGDEJIZHONGTIXIAN，LIMIANDESUOYOUSHEBEIZHUANGZHIDOUSHIKEJIZAITIELUYUNSHUSHANGDEYINGYONG。SUOYITANDAODONGCHEZUDEHEXINJISHU，HENDUODOUSHIZAIBIEDEDIFANGYOUYINGYONGDE。

　　动车组核心的核心是牵引传动系统

　　WOGUODONGCHEZUJUNCAIYONGJIAOZHIJIAOCHUANDONG，JIECHUWANGSHANGDEJIAOLIUDIANJINGGUOSHOUDIANGONGHEBIANYAQIZHIHOU，BEIZHENGLIUCHENGZHILIU，ZAINIBIANCHENGJIAOLIUTONGRUYIBUQIANYINDIANJI。

　　弓网关系

　　GAOSULIECHEZAIYUNXINGDESHIHOU，LIECHESUDUYUEGAO，SHOUDIANGONGYUJIECHUWANGDELIANGHAOJIECHUJIUYUENANSHIXIAN，ZHEIJIUSHIGONGWANGGUANXI。

　　轮轨关系（转向架）

　　GAOSUXIA，LUNDUIYUGANGGUIZHIJIANDERUHUA、LUNGUIDONGLIXUE、YUNDONGWENDINGXING、QUXIANTONGGUOXINGNENG，ZHEIXIEJIBENSHANGKEYIGUINADAOZHUANXIANGJIAZHONG。

　　变流技术

　　YAOSHIXIANZHENGLIUHENIBIANZUIGENBENDESHIQIJIAN，SUOYIDONGCHEDEYUNXINGBIXUYAODAGONGLVDEKEKONGQIJIAN。QIZHONGYIIGBTWEIDAIBIAO。QICI，NIBIANQIHEZHENGLIUQIDETUOPUJIEGOUJUEDINGLESHUCHUDEXINGNENG。ZAIZHE，ZHENGLIUQIHENIBIANQIDEKONGZHIJISHUYEFEICHANGZHONGYAO，ERQIEKONGZHIJISHUQIANSHEDAOZHENGCHEDEYUNXINGCELVEHEGONGKUANG，NANDUFEICHANGGAO。

　　牵引电机控制技术

　　DUIQIANYINDIANJIDEKONGZHIYIBANSHIJIANGNIBIANQIHEDIANJIZUOWEIZHENGTIJINXINGKONGZHIDE，XIANZAIZUICHENGSHUDELIANGZHONGKONGZHIFANGFAYIGESHISHILIANGKONGZHIYIGESHIZHIJIEZHUANJUKONGZHI。ZAIJUTIDEKONGZHIFANGFAZHONG，HAIYOUHENDUOSHIXIANSHANGDEKUNNAN。ZAIQIZHONG，HUITIANJIAYIXIEJISHU，BIRUWUCHUANGANQIJISHU，FEIXIANXINGJIEOUDENG。

　　再生制动

　　ZAISHENGZHIDONGSHIYIZHONGFEICHANGHUANBAODEZHIDONGJISHU，TALIYONGLIECHEDEDONGNENGFADIAN，JIANGDIANNENGFANSONGDAODIANWANGZHONGQU。ZAISHENGZHIDONGJISHUBENZHISHANGSHIKONGZHIJISHU，TABUXUYAOEWAIDEZHUDIANQISHEBEI，TAZHISHIJIANGDIANDONGJIZUOWEIFADIANJI，NIBIANQIZUOWEIZHENGLIUQI，ZHENGLIUQIZUOWEINIBIANQI，CANZHAOSHANGTU。ZAISHENGZHIDONGJISHUZHONGZUIZHUYAODE，SHIRUHEBAOZHENGFANSONGHUIDIANWANGDEDIANNENGDEZHILIANG。

　　网络控制系统和列车运行系统

　　DONGCHEZUTONGCHANGDONGLIJIAOWEIFENSAN，SHEBEIDOUFENBUZAIBUTONGDECHEXIANGSHANG，ZAIGAOSUYUNXINGZHONG，RUHESHISHEBEIXIEDIAOGONGZUO，XIAOCHUYANSHI，ZHEIGESHIWANGLUOKONGZHIXITONGJIEJUEDE。QIZHONGSHEJIDAOXINHAOCHUANSHU、TONGXINXIEYI、CHEZAIJISUANJIDENGJISHU。

　　ZHIYULIECHEYUNXINGXITONGZHUYAOZHENDUIWAIBUHELIECHEDEXIEDIAO。ZHEIQIZHONGBAOKUOQUJIANBISAIJISHU、WUXIANTONGXINJISHU。

　　辅助供电系统

　　ZHEIDUANBUDUOSHUO，XIANGQINGJIANMUQIANHUOCHESHIRUHEGONGDIANDE。

　　DONGCHEZUCRHHEHEXIEDIANHXDXILIE。DONGCHEZUDEQIANYINGONGDIANXITONGYOUJIECHUWANGJINGSHOUDIANGONGDAOQIANYINBIANYAQI，QIANYINBIANYAQIBIANYAHOUDAOQIANYINZHENGLIUQI，RANHOUSHIQIANYINNIBIANQI，ZUIHOUDAOQIANYINDIANJI。ZHEISHIQIANYINGONGDIANXITONG。ERCHEXIANGNEIZHAOMING、KONGQIZHIDONGJIHELIECHEKONGZHIXITONGGONGDIANLAIYUANSHIYOUFUZHUBIANLIUQIDEDAO，ZAIBIANYAQIHOUMIANYOULINGYIGERAOZUJIECHU，JIESHANGFUZHUBIANLIUQI。ERKONGZHIDIANLUHEZHAOMINGGONGDIANYOUZHUANMENDEXUDIANCHIBEIYONG。

　　材料技术

　　CHECHUANG、CHETI、ZHUANXIANGJIA、LUNDUI、ZHAWADOUXUYAOCAILIAOJISHUDEZHICHENG。ZHEIGEWUXUZHUIYAN。

　　CIWAI，GAOTIEHEPUTONGTIELUHAIYOUHENDACHABIE。

　　1.GAOSUTIELUSHIYONGWUZHAGUIDAO（ZAIZHONGGUOSHISHEJISHISUCHAOGUO250km/hDEGAOSUTIELUSHIYONGWUZHAGUIDAO，SHEJISHISU200-250km/hDEKEYUNZHUANXIANHENDUOSHIYONGDESHIYOUZHAGUIDAO）。

　　PUTONGTIELUGUIDAOSHIZAIXIAOKUAISHITOUDUIQIDEJICHUSHANG，ZAIPUSHEZHENMUHUOSHUINIZHENMU，BEICHENGWEIYOUZHAGUIDAO。JINGHUGAOTIEYONGDESHIWUZHAGUIDAO，LUJIBUYONGSUISHI，TIEGUI、GUIZHENZHIJIEPUZAIHUNNINGTULUSHANG，ZHENGTIAOXIANLUSHUIPINGWUCHABUCHAOGUO0.1HAOMI。ZAIGUIDAOFANGMIAN，DALIANGCAIYONGZHANGJULIWUFENGGANGGUI。YEJIUSHIZAIGAOTIESHANGJIHUTINGBUDAOCHUANTONGHUOCHEDEKUANGDANGKUANGDANGDESHENGYIN。MEIYOULEGANGGUIJIEFENG，DUIYULIECHESUDUDETIGAOYEYOUBANGZHU。ERQIEDAOCHADOUCAIYONGGAOSUKEDONGXINDAOCHA。QITONGGUOSUDUBIPUTONGDAOCHAGAOHENDUO。QIEGAOSUTIELUXIANLUWANDAOGENGSHAO，HUOCHEJINKENENGDESHIZHIXIAN。（XUYAOSHUOMINGDESHIWUZHAGUIDAODEJISHUJINRIBENHEDEGUOYONGYOU，ZHONGGUOQUEFAGUIDAOBANZHIZAOJISHU，SUIXUANZEYINJINWAIGUOJISHUJIZIZHUYANFA。）

　　2.GAOSUTIELUSHIYONGDELIECHESHIDONGLIFENSANSHIDONGCHEZU。

　　DONGLIFENBUSHILIECHESHITIELULIECHEDEYIZHONGHEDONGLIJIZHONGSHIXIANGDUIDEQIANYINFANGSHI，TEDIANSHIDONGLILAIYUANFENSANZAILIECHEGEGECHEXIANGSHANGDEFADONGJI，ERBUSHIJIZHONGZAIJICHESHANG，ZHONGGUODE“HEXIEHAO”DONGCHEZUSHIYIJIAKONGDIANLANFANGSHITIGONGDIANLILAIQUDONGQIANYINDIANDONGJIDEDIANLIDONGCHEZU。ERPUTONGLIECHESHIYOUHUOCHETOUQIANYINDE，ZHEISHIDONGLIJIZHONGSHIDEQIANYINFANGSHI。

　　3.XINHAOKONGZHIXITONGBUTONG。

　　ZHONGGUOLIECHEKONGZHIXITONG，JIANCHENGCTCS，SHIZHONGGUOTIELUCANZHAOOUZHOULIECHEKONGZHIXITONG，BINGJIEHEZHONGGUOGUOQINGGOUJIANDEJISHUTIXI。SHIYONGSHUZIKONGZHIXINHAO，BICHUANTONGDEMONIXINHAOGENGJIADEJINGQUEHEWENDING，QUEBAOLIECHEYUNXINGANQUAN。

　　4.DINGJIAHEDINGWEIBUTONG。

　　P.S:XUYAOZHUYIDESHICIXUANFULIECHEYESHUYUGAOSUTIELUDEYIZHONG。